Wednesday, October 30, 2019
Climate Change Mitigation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Climate Change Mitigation - Research Paper Example Its effects, importance and control procedures, are also evaluated to ensure that sufficient information is provided to various stakeholders to facilitate the development of effective mitigation approaches. Work schedule The following work schedule provides my work itinerary for successful completion of this project No Activity Completion Date 1 First research proposal 24TH Feb 2012 2 Approval by Supervisor 14th March 2012 3 Interview 16th March 2012 4 Library and electronic search 23rd March 2012 5 Final copy preparation 5th April 2012 6 Approval by the supervisor and presentation 28th April 2012 Literature Review Clear understanding of the effects of climatic changes is an imperative element towards building a vibrant future that embraces quality social and economic standards of life. Environmental dilapidation, which is caused by carbon and other toxic emissions to the atmosphere currently, poses a great challenge to the development of businesses due to increased cost of productio n with limited resources in the production chain (Locker & Kaczmarek, 2010). Adverse climatic changes cause immense dilapidation of natural resources, which is vital in developing a strong economy with cute social benefits. Governments and various organizations must sufficiently understand the need for preventing environmental degradation. This significantly occurs through reduction of green house emissions to the environment by major producing industries to ensure a safe environment, which supports social and financial ventures. As indicated by Locker & Kaczmarek (2010), mitigation of climatic changes is the process of providing necessary interventions towards reducing sources of green house gases. These causes require effective mitigation through clear-cut policies and development of stringent measures with an aim of preventing ethical environmental practices. According to Crawford, Davoudi & Mehmood (2009), understanding of the need to mitigate and prevent climatic adverse condit ions is increasingly becoming a major impediment to most organizations. In business organizations, quality of goods produced relates to capacities and strengths provided by the operating environment, which is a basic factor, vital for organizational success. No corporation can effectively administer its trade successfully without proper management of its environment (Crawford et al, 2009). Hence, environmental factors have become an increasingly critical concern for most institutions where regardless of organizational size, environmental issues impacts profitability and general performance. The concept of ecological dilapidation directly affecting atmospheric changes has existed for quite a while. However, it is recently that its awareness has lead to the establishment of measures towards curbing climate issues. Authorities intending to conduct mitigation have made environmental apprehension critical for climate change mitigation (OECD, 2008). Forestation and deforestation are the m ost common activities associated with tackling these environmental challenges. This processes influence the intensity of concentration for green house gases (GHG) within the atmosphere. Therefore, climate change requires immediate solutions than can minimize the long-term shifts that may result to environmental degradation. Its impact in one area directly affects the whole planet, as climate is not confined. Climate mitigation
Monday, October 28, 2019
Enhancing IEEE 802.11 Wireless Networks Essay Example for Free
Enhancing IEEE 802.11 Wireless Networks Essay Abstract            The IEEE 802.11 standard for wireless network is a very important standard especially today that wireless technologies are very popular due to its effectiveness and usefulness. However, the standard supports the use of omni-directional antenna which radiates and receives signals in all directions that does not support spatial reuse and does not have high capacity and gain. Research studies show the benefits and advantages of using directional antennas instead of omni-directional antenna in wireless networks. Spatial reuse and high capacity are both very important especially today that the wireless networks are increasingly deployed due to the demand and needs of the users. But, as mentioned, IEEE 802.11 supports the utilisation of omni-directional antenna and not of directional antenna, thus to be able for directional antenna to be at its optimal use, the IEEE 802.11 protocols must be amended to be able to address problems associated with the use of directional antenna. Directional antenna or directivity of an antenna can be created using antenna elements that are combined to form an array. Smart antennas which are becoming popular today have achieved directivity due to the techniques employs with it. Introduction            Due to technological development in data and telecommunications during the past years, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) of the United States developed standards and guidelines to ensure orderly transfer of information between two or more data communication systems using different equipment with different needs. Standards and protocols are useful in ensuring that equipments such as computers, mobile phones, and communication devices from different manufacturers and providers have established compatibility and interoperability.            However, due to rapid technological development and introduction of newer technologies brought about by the increasing demands and needs of users, some standards are needed to be enhanced and improved. This is because as newer technologies are created, more and more data are needed to be transmitted requiring more capacity for the existing infrastructures. If standards and protocols are not improved, existing communication infrastructures will only have limited capacity causing serious problems such as interference and slow speed. People nowadays always demand for real-time communication of various data such as video, audio, pictures and multimedia. Background            One of the most innovative technologies today has been the wireless communication technology. Wireless technology encompasses the use of television and radio, mobile phones, wireless internet connection and computing system which are all very important for communication needs, eliminating the need for cables and wires and making possible the communication even in the remotest areas as along as there is available signal. WLANs increased the degree of mobility which are not possible using the conventional local area networks. In mobile phone communication alone, development has been tremendous that from analogue to GSM, now comes the 3G and 4G mobile systems. In the internet technology, connections have developed from ISDN to dial-up to DSL and now Wireless LAN which is very popular today. Communication between computers and mobile phones are also now possible with the GPRS technology.            These technologies are primarily intended for easy and real-time communication brought about by fast-paced lifestyle of people and also because of globalization. Mobile data and communications have become important for personal, professional, and business use. Because there are so many manufacturers and service providers from different locations, and also because of the popularity of these technologies, the IEEE developed the IEEE 802.11 which is a standard particularly intended for Wireless Local Area Networks. However, as WLAN experienced development and are improved, the IEEE 802.11 is also needed to be enhanced to be able for WLANs to be at their optimum performance. Additionally, because of the many uses and demands for WLAN, it has been increasing deployed causing interference between transmissions. Interference in data communications is a serious problem for it caused delay of transmission and alterations or distortion of signals that caused unreliable, unclear and error in messages received. The use of directional antenna is a well known method to reduce interference and to increase the range and capacity of wireless networks (Zhu et al, 2005). However, the IEEE 802.11 is not designed for the use of directional antennas. This project which is focused on the enhancement of the IEEE 802.11 using directional antennas and multiple receivers is important to be able to determine in-depth what improvement and advantages can directional antennas and multi-receivers can contribute to the current IEEE 802.11 Wireless Networks standard. Literature Review            This part of this proposal reviews literatures that describe the IEEE 802.11 WLAN standard in details to be able to determine the needs for the enhancement of the standard. The literature review also provides earlier research about the functions and advantages of directional antennas This review is a brief discussion providing an overview of the detailed review of literatures that will be provided in the chapters of the research study. 3.1. The IEEE 802.11 Wireless Network Standard            Aside from promoting interoperability, the IEEE 802.11 standard for wireless network was created to deliver services that were previously found only in wired networks but have been found out to be possible using wireless networks; to achieve high throughput; for highly reliable data delivery; and for continuous network connection (Ergen, 2002). As a standard, the IEEE 802.11 established the network architecture, components, type of equipments and set of services offered that must be complied with by wireless network administrators and providers. These are also known as the physical layer and that IEEE 802.11 WLAN standard provides a number of physical layer options in terms of data rates, modulation types and spreading spectrum techniques (Ergen, 2002). This means that the medium, the path that the signal transmitted and received via the WLAN, the range, location, frequency to be used and the type of antenna to be used are all determined by the IEEE 802.11 standard. IEEE 802.11 does not only specify the physical layer characteristics but also the link layer protocol for medium access in broadcast channels (Dham, 2003). The medium access control protocol is designed for the specified physical layer characteristics thus any changes made in the physical layer also requires significant alterations in the MAC protocol.            The MAC layer of the standard defines two different access modes: the Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) and the Point Coordination Function (PCF) (Xu Saadawi, 2003). DCF is a mechanism which is a Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance. The standard allows the use of a basic access method or an optional handshake which is done by exchanging Request to Send (RTS) and Clear to Send (CTS) messages which are also the frame sent from the source to the destination and an acknowledgement from the destination that the frame was received correctly (Erger, 2005). These frames or control packets contain the proposed duration of data transmission while nodes or stations within the vicinity of communicating nodes overhear either of these control packets and suspend transmission for this proposed duration (Choudhury et al, 2002).            This process unable the nodes or devices to communicate directly with all other devices and for a wireless device to be able to transmit and receive at the same time thus the IEEE 802.11 MAC implements a network allocation vector (NAV) which is a value that indicates to a station the amount of time that remains before the medium becomes available (Erger, 2005). With this standard, directional antenna is obviously not utilised because in using directional antennas, it is possible to carry out multiple transmissions in the same neighbourhood provided that the beamwidth of the directional transmissions is not very large (Choudhury et al, 2002). 3.2. The Directional Antenna            An antenna is one or more electrical conductors of a specific length that transmits radio waves generated by a transmitter or that collects radio waves at the receiver (Frenzel, 1994). It is a basic component of every wireless networks, thus it must be chosen carefully depending on how it will be used. WLAN commonly used omni-directional antenna which allows for transmission and reception of messages in any direction (Frenzel, 1994) which is commonly used in wireless internet connections and wireless telecommunications. However, because the transmitted signal is exposed in any direction, interference with other signal has been a problem. In search for the solution with the problem of interference, various research (Dham, 2003; Zhu et al, 2005; Choudhury et al, 2002) have been focused on the use of directional antenna in WLANs.            The primary advantage of directional antenna is that it eliminates interference from other signals being received from all directions except the direction of the desired signal (Frenzel, 1994). It was found out that the use of directional antenna for transmission gives the highest capacity, allows spectrum reuse, and provides range extension (Zhu et al, 2005). At the receiver, the antenna is pointed directly at the station to be received thus rejecting signals from transmitters in all other directions (Frenzel, 1994).            Another advantage of directional antenna over omni-directional is that there is greater efficiency of power transmission while when omni-directional antenna is used at the transmitter side the transmitted power goes off in all directions wasting a significant amount of power (Frenzel, 1994). It is argued that all messages should be sent in directional mode to take advantage of this gain (Zhu et al, 2005). Choudhury et al (2002) conducted a study and proposed a protocol that exploits the benefits of using directional antenna namely spatial reuse and higher transmission range. On the other hand, the use of directional antenna also poses some problems such as higher collision probability. That is, as space is segmented and the carrier is reused with directional antennas, the amount of MAC information required for conflict-free transmission increases (Zhu et al, 2005). Because the current IEEE 802.11 standard does not support spatial reuse, several problems may occur when directional antennas are used without changing the modifying the existing protocol. Collision occurs due to the deafness of the nodes as these nodes are immersed in only one direction. And because of this deafness, the transmitting nodes will send RTS packets repeatedly which is a waste of bandwidth (Zhu et al, 2005). The research study conducted by Zhu et al (2005) focused on solving the problems caused by the spatial reuse which is higher collision probability and proposed a protocol called sectorised 802.11 MAC protocol. These two studies along with the other studies serve as the framework of this research. To create an antenna with directivity and gain, two or more antenna elements are combined to form what is known as an array (Frenzel, 1994). Antenna array has the capability of spatial signal separation and could radiate frequency energy towards a desired receiver with narrow beamwidth and null towards an interfering terminal to reduce the negative impact of multi-path and co-channel interference (Zhou, 2006). Phased array antenna systems are an example of an array. Phased array antennas consist of an array of antenna elements connected by a feeder or adder network arranged so that their individual signals combine to provide maximum gain in one direction while minimising it in other directions (Dham, 2003). There is also what is called smart antenna which is consist of multiple antenna elements arranged in a special configuration and connected through complex weights (Zhou, 2006). Smart antenna Switched beam and adaptive array antenna are the two major categories of smart antenna. Switched beam is the simplest smart antenna with a number of fixed beams in predetermined directions at the antenna site (Zhou, 2006). Adaptive array on the other hand uses a complex signal processing algorithm to continuously detect multi-path and interference among desired signal (Zhou, 2006). The studies about the applications of smart antennas in wireless networks are also related and will be useful in the completion of this research study. Zhou (2006) added that a smart antenna can be applied to all current major wireless protocols and industrial standards to achieve higher system capacity, larger network coverage and higher data rate thus smart antenna must be further investigated to determine what it can contribute to the enhancement of IEEE 802.11 with directional antennas. Aims and Objectives            In conducting any research, it is important that definite sets of objectives are present. These objectives will serve as the researcher’s guide in conducting the data gathering, data analysis and conclusion formulation. The primary objective of the research is to provide a protocol designed for the utilisation of directional antennas in wireless local area networks. Such protocol is proposed to be used in the deployment of WLAN using directional antennas thus it includes some amendments on the original standards, architecture, and physical layer. However, this general aim is an umbrella objective that would dictate the general path that the research will take. Within this umbrella objective are the specific aims of the research that will allow the researcher to touch the important aspects of the topic. These specific aims are the following: To identify the problems associated with the current protocols to determine the necessary adjustments or enhancement that are needed to be done; To determine the characteristics of directional antennas and what it can contribute to improve the capabilities of the wireless local area networks; To evaluate the advantages of having multiple receivers in wireless local area networks; To investigate on the differences of the current protocol and the proposed protocol and determine the limitations of the latter; and To test the effectiveness of the proposed standard. Intellectual Challenge            The most intellectual challenge on this research is the proposal itself. The IEEE 802.11 is developed by reliable engineers and to propose an enhancement for this standard is a big challenge thus the research study should be based on reliable data. The proposed protocol should also be tested on using a prototype and accurate calculations to ensure that the outcome of the studies is viable. Research Program 6.1 Research Methodology The method of collecting data for the dissertation will be composed of two methodologies. The first methodology is review of related literature or secondary sources. Reviewing earlier studies and other related literature would allow the researcher to become familiar with the already accepted theories and statements pertaining to the topic. The sources should be from technical books, journals, earlier theses and published articles technical organisations such as the IEEE. The second methodology would be surveys and personal interviews. Technical professionals like engineers and technicians from different communication network companies and Internet service providers (ISP) will be surveyed using questionnaires that include questions that will determine the problems encountered with WLAN particularly with the use of the antennas they currently utilise, the solutions they are implementing and the improvement they would like to suggest and impose with the current standards. It is important that the views of these people be collected since they are the ones who are immersed in the realities of the WLAN conditions. They will be able to provide insights that will help the researcher in evaluating the current IEEE standard. This study will be using the descriptive research method where the general part of the paper will be dedicated to the description of the subject in question. Descriptive research intends to present facts concerning the nature and status of a situation, as it exists at the time of the study (Creswell, 1994). It is also concerned with relationships and practices that exist, beliefs and processes that are ongoing, effects that are being felt, or trends that are developing. In addition, such approach tries to describe present conditions, events or systems based on the impressions or reactions of the respondents of the research (Creswell, 1994). The use of the descriptive method also suggests that the research will be focusing on obtaining qualitative data. Qualitative research is an umbrella that refers to various research traditions and strategies. The research will be carried out systematically. First, the researcher needs to review previous literature about the topic. This will allow the research the researcher to become familiar with what is already known about the topic. This will also allow the researcher to formulate the appropriate questionnaire that will be able to extract the most useful data. After the questionnaires have been completed, the researcher will have to tally the results and compare it with the findings of previous studies. If the finding of the research is the same as the findings of previous studies then the research can be supported by the findings of previous studies. On the other hand, if the findings of the research do not agree with past studies then the researcher must look back on previous studies to check if the findings of the studies are supported by other findings. This will ensure that the results of the research are not isolated and have been tested by other researches. 6.2 Schedule The Gantt chart below shows the schedule of activities involved in conducting the research study. Activity Date 1st Month 2nd Month 3rd Month 4th Month Data Gathering/Survey, Personal Interview     Review of earlier studies and related literature/ Analysis of data collected     Writing of the First Draft     Development, Testing, Analysis, Evaluation and Documentation     Revision of the study     Formulation of the conclusion     Completion of Writing     Printing and binding of documents     Submission      Deliverables            The research study will be organised as follows: A chapter describing the IEEE 802.11 A chapter describing the antenna used in WLAN and the problems using non-directional antennas A chapter describing the analysis of the problems A chapter that presents the data collected and the analyses of those data A chapter for the proposed solutions and the methods for testing the solutions A chapter that serves as documentations of the testing, calculations involved and evaluation of the proposed solutions Resources            As already mentioned, this research study is highly technical nature thus resources must be from reliable sources such as the IEEE itself that developed the standard that will be enhanced and the Association for Computing Machinery which is an organisation that publishes reliable sources about computing and related technology. ACM also has a digital library where various literatures can be accessed. The World Wide Web is also be used as a source where different latest articles and journals can be found. University and public libraries will also be used where books that discuss the basic concepts of the subject and topics involved can be found. The researcher will need the cooperation of technical professionals, technicians and engineers whose personal knowledge will be needed as they answer the survey questionnaires. The researcher will also need to collaborate with an ISP or a network company to test the proposed standard, determining its effectiveness as well as its shortcomings. References: Choudhury, R., Yang, X., Ramanathan, R., and Vaidya, N. (2002) Using Directional Antennas for Medium Access Control in Ad Hoc Networks, MOBICOM’02, ACM: Georgia, USA Creswell, J.W. (1994). Research design: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Dham, Vikram (2003) Link Establishment in Ad Hoc Networks Using Smart Antennas Thesis in Master of Science in Electrical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University retrieved online on December 13, 2006 http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05072003-180228/unrestricted/etd.pdf Erger, Mustafa (2002) IEEE 802.11 Tutorial, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California Berkeley, Retrieved online on Dec. 13, 2006            http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/~ergen/docs/ieee.pdf Frenzel, Louis (1994) Communication Electronics 2nd edition, Glencoe Macmillan/McGraw-Hill: Singapore Xu, Shugong Saadawi, Tarek (2003) Does IEEE 802.11 MAC Protocol Work Well in Multi-hop Wireless Ad Hoc Networks? Dept. of Electrical Engineering, City University of New York retrieved online on December 13, 2006            http://academic.csuohio.edu/yuc/mobile03/0415-xu.pdf  Zhu, Chenxi, Nadeem, Tamer and Agre, Jonathan (2005) Enhancing 802.11 Wireless Networks with Directional Antenna and Multiple Receivers, Fujitsu Laboratories of America, retrieved online on December 13, 2006 http://www.flacp.fujitsulabs.com/TM-PCR-TM-21.pdf Zhou, Hao (2006) The Improvements in Ad Hoc Routing and Network Performance with Directional Antennas, Department of Electrical and Communications Engineering, Helsinki University of Technology, Retrieved online on December 13, 2006            http://lib.tkk.fi/Dipl/2006/urn007316.pdf
Saturday, October 26, 2019
Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken - The Ambiguous Road Essay -- Road N
The Very Ambiguous Road Not Taken    Donald J. Greiner states, "In the years since his death, biographical revelations and critical appraisals have torn off the mask to expose a Frost the public never knew: a flawed man with more than his share of personal tragedy, a major poet with more than his share of fear"(95). Many people consider Robert Frost to be a great poet with many accomplishments. His work is well known throughout Europe and the United States; however, most people do not know the kind of life Frost led. On the surface, Frost seems to be a skilled writer filled with ambition and determination, yet, on the inside, he is a man constantly tormented by a haunting past and many unknown tragedies. Frost often conveys his feelings in his poetry; thus, just as Frost's life has an underlying meaning, so do many of his poems. Frost's "The Road Not Taken" is a poem that is often studied on its obvious surface level; however, the poem is actually very ambiguous in its underlying meaning. Because the speaker in Frost's work can only take one path, he will never know what the other path holds for him. In the beginning of the work, the speaker states, "Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, /And sorry I could not travel both" (1-2). This statement supports the fact that the speaker realizes he can not take both paths; therefore, he can never know what each path has to offer him. The speaker often refers to the fact that he wishes to be able to explore both paths. When the traveler says he "kept the first for another day!" (13), he means that one day he intends to come back to the road he did not take and see what he missed. Supporting this fact, the speaker also declares that "knowing how way leads to way, /[he] doubted ... ... way this experience has affected his life. Like a faà §ade, sometimes the surface structure of a poem can be very misleading, and, periodically, one must look deeper into the work in order to grasp its true meaning. Often simple words and phrases are the key to understanding a poem so traditionally studied with one meaning attached to it. As stated before, Frost's "The Road Not Taken" is a poem frequently studied with a traditional insight; however, analyzed and critiqued at a different level this work is actually very ambiguous. Works Cited Frost, Robert. "The Road Not Taken." The North Introduction To Literature. 6th ed. Eds. Carl E.Bain, Jerome Beaty, and J. Paul Hunter. New York: W.W Norton, 1995. 1097. Greiner, Donald J. "Robert Frost." Dictionary of Literary Biography. 3rd ed. Ed. Peter Quartermain. Vol.54. Detroit: Gale, 1987. 93-121.  Â
Thursday, October 24, 2019
The General Electric Company Essay example -- Technology, Investment
The General Electric Company abbreviated as GE is among the main expanded technology, mass media and fiscal services corporations internationally. The headquarters is in a town known as Schenectady in New York and in Fairfield, CT. It functions via 11 core areas, they include GE Advanced Materials, GE Consumer & Industrial, GE Energy; GE Healthcare, GE Infrastructure, GE Transportation, NBC Universal (80 percent owned by GE), GE Commercial Finance, GE Consumer and GE Insurance. GE is a multinational and functions in in excess of 100 countries globally and makes roughly 45 percent of its incomes away from the US. Through the progress of its over 110 years of invention, GE has amassed in excess of 67,500 copyrights, and the company's scientists have been bestowed with two Nobel Prizes and several other honours. History The antiquity of the General Electric (GE) Company involves a noteworthy portion of the antiquity of technology within the borders of US. GE has progressed from the home laboratory belonging to Thomas Edison into one of the biggest corporations within the world, subsequent to the development of electrical technology from the humblest initial presentations into the 21st century ‘s high-tech sorcery. The corporation has correspondingly progressed into a corporation, with a cumulative move from technology to services, and with 11 main operating units. Swot analysis Strengths Universal acknowledgment: GE has invested in the world market therefore attaining universal acknowledgment for its exclusive merchandises. Forbes magazine, i... ...nal corporations, GE has to wrestle with such matters and manage them efficiently. Technological Analysis: Machinery in the contemporary world is progressing at an massive pace. Pioneering merchandises are constantly being familiarized utilizing technology that is more advanced every day. Older technology is subsequently being obsolete at an extremely elevated rate transversely all segments in the economy. Heading for exceeding competitors, several corporations have turned to novelty, research and expansion, which have resulted in upgraded heights of technology. The degree of technology progression internationally differs with each republic that GE has ventured into as they differ regarding resources accessibilities. Amongst the republics with the uppermost degree of technology progression is Japan and US in which GE has invested in (General Electric, 2009).
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
American and North Vietnamese Perception of War
Austin Beeler American and North Vietnamese Perceptions of War To the American Soldiers and the NVA/VC soldiers, the Vietnam War was both very similar and very different. Most of soldiers in Vietnam went into the war with a purpose, and they had a very high morale levels. Both the Americans and the NVA soldiers left with many problems. The war left most soldiers with very severe cases of mental issues. There were also many things about the war that differed to the soldiers. One was the type of patriotism, and the other was the consequences of choosing to not fight.The American soldiers were fighting with a different type of patriotism than the communist soldiers. The Vietnamese soldiers were fighting for their freedom and to protect their homeland. The Americans were fighting for their government. They went into the war completely trusting their government no matter what they thought about the conflict. The war left both sides with huge wounds that would take a long time to heal. The American soldiers left for Vietnam knowing that they have been the victors in all of the other wars and conflicts they have been in.The morale among the soldiers was high at the beginning of the war. The Vietnamese soldiers had very high morale after beating the French in 1954. One American soldier wrote a letter to his fiance that was supposed to be given to her in the unfortunate event of his death. He told his fiance that he is proud that he was even able to fight for his country, and even though the war has taken his life, he wishes that she doesn’t hate the war because of it. The soldiers that were first sent over seas were proud of what they were doing.They believed in their country and they believed that the people back home would have their back. The Vietnamese soldiers had been victorious in beating the French empire just years before the American soldiers arrived. They were in high spirits and it gave them a sense of invincibility because they just defeated a huge power. The Vietnamese soldiers were fighting for their homeland. They saw the Americans as another colonial power that was trying to move in and take control again. The soldiers knew that they could navigate the land much better than the Americans and they carefully planned their attacks.Both of the sides were patriotic, but they were patriotic in different ways. The American soldiers were patriotic in the sense of they were serving for their government and their country. They were fighting because the government told them that they need to be over there stopping the spread of communism. For the Americans it was about making their country proud. The North Vietnamese soldiers were patriotic in a completely different sense. They were fighting for their freedom. They thought that if they didn’t fight, then they would be put back down to a lower level than the Americans.Just like the French had done to them when they were in control. The soldiers were fighting to protect their fa milies back north and to save their land. They had an obvious purpose to fight, while the Americans couldn’t see how the war affected them back home. Both the Americans and the North Vietnamese soldiers left the war affected deeply. Many soldiers returned to their homes and they were severely affected by PTSD. In the book, Kein has nightmares every night that he tries to sleep. That includes the nights he was in the military, and the nights after the war was over.Kein was talking to one of this soldiers and he said â€Å"their chaotic minds, their troubled speech, revealed how cruelly they were twisted and tortured by the war†(20). The NVA soldiers watched thousands of their fellow soldiers die right beside them. Throughout the war, the NVA/VC lost over a million soldiers. Seeing that many people die affected the soldiers greatly. One of the soldiers in Keins battalion is severely depressed and is thinking about deserting the rest of the soldiers and heading home. Kein tells him its suicidal and shameful. Can saying â€Å"Suicidal? Killing myself?I’ve killed so often it wont mean a thing if I kill myself. As for the shame†¦ In all my time as a soldier, I’ve never seen anything honorable†, shows how desensitized the soldiers are. They don’t care about death anymore. Many of them embrace it because they know its coming. The American soldiers were just as scarred by the war. One of the soldiers that reflected on the war in 1984 basically said that depression kills you faster than a bullet to the head. It â€Å"eats away at you inner being. It eats away at everything that you ever learned (5). †The soldiers with depression didn’t get help from anyone.The only people they got help from were the psychiatrists they paid to go see. Both sides used drugs to help cope with the sorrows of war. The Vietnamese soldiers smoked the Rosa Canina flower, and the American soldiers smoked marijuana and used heroin. The drugs helped the soldiers deal with the depression of war. The war was a very tough place for both sides. Both countries had a very hard time recovering from the war, but the people who had to overcome the most were the soldiers. They went through so many things in war that they left Vietnam with â€Å"young shoulders that bore rather old heads (2). â€
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
Anorexia, Meet Orthorexia
Anorexia, Meet Orthorexia Anorexia, Meet Orthorexia Anorexia, Meet Orthorexia By Maeve Maddox The other evening I heard the word orthorexia for the first time. Its a newly coined word meaning Excessive concern with consuming a diet considered to be correct in some respect, often involving the elimination of foods or food groups supposed to be harmful to health. On the pattern of anorexia nervosa, one may now speak of orthorexia nervosa, a pathological concern with consuming a correct diet. The word anorexia has been around since 1598 with the meaning lack of appetite. An extreme form of anorexia is anorexia nervosa: pathological loss of appetite from psychic causes typically accompanied by deficiency symptoms, emaciation, and wasting and atrophic changes The new word for worrying too much about eating healthful foods was coined by Colorado MD Steven Bratman. According to Bratman, a woman named Kate Finn died of the effects of orthorexia. Dieters would do well to recall this advice from the ancients: Observe due measure, moderation is best in all things. Hesiod Moderation, the noblest gift of heaven. Euripides We should pursue and practice moderation. Plato If you want to know more about orthorexia nervosa, this Wikipedia article is a good place to begin. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Signs and Symbols You Should KnowWriting the CenturyDozen: Singular or Plural?
Monday, October 21, 2019
Sociology and Durkheim Essay
Sociology and Durkheim Essay Sociology and Durkheim Essay Color of Fear It has been expressed through the views of Marxism that human societies move forward through tension and class struggle. Marx argued that land owners would exploit their workers in order to keep an ongoing cycle of labor. The land owners would limit those allowed to work for them which in turn would create a hostile environment and a need to survive. Those without work would have to find other means to survive for instance through crime or charity in order to keep themselves and their families alive. The tension for survival would rise between both classes and eventually cause a revolution consisting of the landowner versus the laborer or worker, this concept was also known as a shift from Feudalism to Capitalism (Roberts). It was by the theories of Marxism that a history of relations would always be set between the exploiter class (landowners) and the exploited class (the workers). Most of what Marx argues about has been going on since the day exploitation was ever cre ated. These unfortunate events are still seen throughout our world and we can honestly say that it may never be erased from this earth ever. Through my own eyes I have seen this battle countless of times, it has always been my people versus the landowners. Growing up as a kid I would always come home from school to see my grandmother so tired from working under the hot summer sun in the planting fields and greenhouses off the I5 in the city of Encinitas. The beliefs of Marx can be described through the life of many minorities working in the same conditions as my grandmother used to. The owners of the fields would exploit their workers with threats and the use of the fearful word, Immigration. One could not say a word for it was these hard working conditions that kept a scarce meal on the table to be able to stay alive. The landowners would offer work and the laborers would keep quit about the working conditions and the ongoing circle of classes would keep going. Capitalism plays a k ey role in what Marx believed, he has stated that through Capitalism one can not be and individual with their labor and creating something that comes from the mind and hands of ones self. This idea can also be seen with the migrant workers of today, many of us as I did when I was very young, thought that migrants liked working in these fields and conditions but the reality is just the opposite. The workers place themselves in these harsh working conditions not because they enjoy it but because it is the only way to be able to survive and keep some sort of income coming in. Armed with his Enlightenment ideology, Durkheim made the point that sociology would study the social life using scientific methods (Roberts). Through his work he created a phenomena known as social facts: â€Å"manners of acting, thinking, and feeling external to the individual, which are vested with coercive power by virtue of which they exercise control over him (sic).†what Durkheim meant by his stateme nt was that humans have a certain way of thinking, feeling and acting. These types of feelings and actions had said, by Durkheim, to be seen even way before we are even born and after we die these emotions and feelings keep on living on after as well (Roberts). We use these emotions that Durkheim described, but it is stated in his work that it is not until after we learn these concepts through socialization into an already existing culture (Roberts). Durkheim also had many other theories that branched out form what I have previously stated some of his other work used the notion of feelings, emotions and norms of life to answer the question of why society stays together and not cause chaos and anarchy. This theory that Durkheim had was known, by him, as mechanical solidarity. His work states that this form of solidarity had developed way before its time and seen through people of tribes and villages (Roberts). According to Durkheim what keeps society together was similarity. Similar values in
Sunday, October 20, 2019
summary of oliver twist essays
summary of oliver twist essays In the workhouse of a provincial town seventy miles from London a woman with unknown origin gives birth to a boy and dies. The child is named Oliver Twist and put into the workhouse orphanage. When he is nine Oliver gets transferred to the workhouse itself by Mr. Bumble, the beadle. The little Twist dares to ask for more gruel on behalf of the other half-starved children and the authorities decide to put him to a trade. Oliver is apprenticed to Mr. Sowerberry, an undertaker. Another apprentice, Noah Claypole, insults Olivers dead mother and small Oliver attacks him. Because of the severe punishment by the Sowerberrys Oliver runs away to London. There he meets Jack Dawkins called The Artful Dodger, a member of a pickpocket-gang run by Fagin, a Jew. Oliver who does not understand that he is among criminals becomes one of Fagins boys. He gets send out with the Dodger and another boy, Charley Bates. Realizing the criminal actions they take, Oliver runs away under shock. He gets caught an d is accused of robbing Mr. Brownlow but a bookstall-keeper has seen the true robbers and exculpates Oliver. Mr. Brownlow decides to take care of Oliver and takes him home with him. For Oliver this is the first time he gets treated with affection. But because while Oliver is free his secrets are in danger, Fagin engages Bill Sykes, a brutal robber and Nancy, a prostitute in love with Sykes to recapture Oliver. Oliver is recruited to help Sykes with a robbery on the house of Mrs. Maylie and her adopted niece Rose Maylie. The thieves get discovered and escape but Oliver is shot and wounded. The Maylies nurse him back to health, listen to Olivers story and believe him. He settles with them. Nancy, one of Fagins gang who is feeling compassion for the child, visits Rose to tell her without giving away the gang that a man named Monks who is in contact with Fagin wishes Oliver harm. Rose recruits others to help find Monks. Fagin has set No...
Saturday, October 19, 2019
Police Fitness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Police Fitness - Essay Example Physical fitness required for policing consists of general fitness and job specific fitness. Canadian Mounted Policing (and other Canadian police forces) requires horsemanship skills as much of the 'Mounties' policing is done on horseback. Local forces are returning to the use of horses for policing. Many police organizations in Canada require a basic level of fitness be maintained by officers/constables. Many officers are required to perform foot patrol, bicycle patrol, or horse patrol. Obviously these types of police work require a higher level of fitness than is required for equivalent patrol in an automobile or desk work. Officers of the Peel Regional Police are required to pass a fitness test with an overall score of 75% (Peel Police, 2007). Potential police that pass the tests (and a rigorous written and psychological exam) are recommended to attend the Ontario Police College. Officers are also required to maintain the physical fitness level at 75% or above to keep their positions In addition to basic fitness testing police forces use an incentive program to promote a higher level of fitness for their officers. Officers/Constables are encouraged to exercise on their own to meet the higher standards that result in recognition from their organizations. Police organizations assist the officers by providing exercise facilities with exercise machines, free weights, treadmills, and stair-steppers. It is the officer's responsibility to schedule workouts and exercise on their own time. Officers who choose to maintain a high-level of physical fitness are rewarded with public recognition, award pins and certificates, and prime policing jobs such as bike patrol. In Toronto officers are rewarded with fitness pins, and consideration for special units such as the Emergency Task Force or Marine Units. Another unwritten incentive is to keep ahead of criminals who spend much of their time in prison working out lifting weights, etc Physically fit officers have a personal commitment to stay fit. Constables in Toronto's 51st division often exercise before the beginning of their shift. The 51st is made up of officers on mountain bikes. These officers spend up to ten hours a day patrolling the streets of Toronto. They are on their bikes up to 80% of the time (Savin, 2007). A look at a photo of the 51st division's bikers shows a very physically fit group of officers. This group spends about an hour of their own time exercising everyday (Savin, 2007). Many Canadian police organizations require that officers compete for coveted bicycle patrol slots. This means that officers need to push themselves past the basic level of fitness required to be an officer/constable. Again, this means officers spend some of their personal time exercising and preparing for the competition. Most of these policing organizations have built exercise facilities for their officers. No one is required to use the facilities but many officers spend much of their free time using these facilities. Many bicycle patrol officers focus on using free-weights or resistance training because much of their cardio-respiratory fitness is accomplished on the job. Many officers/constables compete in regional, national, and international
Friday, October 18, 2019
Visual Literacy in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Visual Literacy in Business - Essay Example Marketers are able to direct and instant feedback from their products thus being able to make changes on their products as well as knowing where their target clients are located. On the social front, visual media has help promote interaction among people from various parts of the world thus promoting rapid sharing of positive ideas and programs. On the other hand, visual media can impact negatively on those exposed to it such as children. This can take place when the content is violent or appear unethical. It may lead to depression, anxiety, nightmares or aggressive conduct (Baehr & Snyder, 2003). Some children may go to the extent of missing out from school, having sleeping problems or show general withdrawal syndrome. Some items posted for marketing may be different from what they actually look like hence online shoppers can be cheated. There are ethical concerns associated with this shift. There have increased the rate of unfair business operations that can take advantage of less sensitive business
Compares the treatment of a theme or the ethics of a character Essay
Compares the treatment of a theme or the ethics of a character - Essay Example Glengarry Glen Ross was welcomed by various reviewers as an â€Å"outcome of American cupidity and ethics†, as a â€Å"sharp†¦reflection of corruption†, as depicting â€Å"American religious malaise†, and as a presentation of the fact that â€Å"greed and gluttony are the steam engines that drive North American entrepreneurship†(Quinn 23). In a later cerebral view, Roundane Mathew wrote that â€Å"materialism and ravenousness form the never center of the play†and that the novel shows that â€Å"public issues†and â€Å"business transactions†control â€Å"the persona’s secretive world†. In the Lay of the Land the importance of this for ethics cannot be hyped. Having strolled for twenty-five-hundred years in a miasma of their own creation, philosophers have now been given an opportunity to achieve not only a fully reasonable understanding of good, but also a full pleasing perceptive of the things that are good. The sense of dissatisfaction that has clutched on to ethics with the god will fade away as intellect discover what character has always known, that there things sufficient to make life worth living. David Mamet’s wordsmiths, such as landed property seller Shelly Levene articulated in monosyllabic words the panic and steep poetry of their struggling lives. Levene’s anxiety (the italicized words) in the novel call attention to the hard-sell core of the salesmen’s lives as they ward off failure in the guise of loss of influence, respect, leads, sales, closings, bonuses, new deals, and even the job. As per Levene, words bring to surface the character’s fear, greed, and extreme anxiety. Levene jubilantly announces that he has sold some land, which would put him temporarily ahead in the sales contest. But his joy is ephemeral too: his colleagues tell him that the clients, to whom he sold the land, the Nyborgs, are in fact crazy and simply like talking to salesmen (Kissel 212). They
Thursday, October 17, 2019
Music of world culture Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Music of world culture - Term Paper Example Moreover, they were sung by neighbors and the communities, when there were major events (Dzuris 331). In explaining folk music, I have not found an accepted definition, but this does not mean that it does not have a definition, but it ranges with the understanding of the subject. Folk music can be described as the music for and of the people, a nation, a community, or a subculture that carries messages with specific meaning regarding the people’s life and experiences (Dunaway and Beer 7-10). Music in the Western World In reference to the North America, folk music has been there before the arrival of the immigrant from Europe and later from Africa. The European immigrant brought with them ballads and other acoustic instruments. Folk music has been practiced for centuries, was, and is still referred to as the music of the masses. In the 17th century, most of the people in Europe were peasants, and folk songs transferred stories of event through oral narration. By this time, fo lk music was rarely performed musically. There composition was of simple form and represented the identity of the poorer in the communities (Dunaway and Beer 7- 17). In the period when Christianity movement started in Europe, folk music was at the centre stage of the expansion of the religion. It was highly associated with heathenism due its singing styles. Thereafter, folk music became more popular in society in sensitizing the masses in the start of the romantic period. People like Haydn, Beethoven, and Tchaikovsky identified themselves with folk music. During this time, there were no cities and people lived in villages and urban communities. And with these settings, folk songs were recognized as a treasure and people identified themselves with the different styles of folk music. Each political beliefs, ethnicity, race, and religion had identified itself with specific style of folk song. Therefore, folk music played an important role in passing on the culture and the history of a particular community or country from one generation another. By the end of 19th century, folk songs had become unpopular in Western Europe and later in Eastern Europe and North America, during this time only the older individuals knew and sung folk songs. Still in the century, cities were established and people were moving from the rural areas to urban cities and this resulted to diminishing of the folk traditional music. Nevertheless, urban folklorists stimulated by a person known as Thomas Percy a British, Johann Gottfried, a German and an American by the name Francis James collected and later published volumes where they emphases on the different age of the folk songs and their meaning in the society. However, there work did not save the diminishing trend of folk songs and the music had little attention by this time. In 1899, Cecil Sharp an English scholar toured various communities in Britain collecting folk songs. He later established a society to preserve the songs, dances and other traditions of communities at that time (Dunaway and Beer 17-23). In the late 19th century, the documentation of folk songs started and more of the songs were recorded on a wax cylinder, and folk songs and other traditions were consolidated and shared far and wide as opposed to being confined within the borders of a community. Later in the same period, some new tradition begun to emerge in the urban districts where the
Matthews College Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Matthews College - Case Study Example ley Allison bore the responsibility of devising a plan that will address the estimated budget deficit of $ 3 million for fiscal year 2004-05 and an estimated budget deficit of $ 4 million for fiscal year 2003-04. President Allison’s strategy for achieving a balanced budget depicted significant aspects that sought to arrest the situation. These aspects included restructuring the administration by designing and establishing a central planning unit and a practice of institution-wide discourse to focus the college on its position. This led to the establishment of a College Planning Council at the College consisting of five faculty, five administrators, and two students. The College Planning Council was to adopt a three-year period with clear and independent guidelines on the budget making process. The council was to analyze and organize the college accordingly. Moreover, the President mandated the Committee on the Budget and Financial Priorities to advise him on the annual budget to present to the Finance Committee of the Boards of Trustees, examine the priorities, and recommend a draft budget. The President had set the principles and commitments that guided the operations of the budget committee, which fostered a participative budget process with clear and detailed information. The President assembled a new senior staff that included the finance vice president who bore the mandate of implementing the President’s strategy. The finance vice president was to appoint an experienced director of budgets with financial systems experience. The President’s strategy also included expanding the scope of the dean of faculty to the dean of academic affairs with additional academic and curriculum budgeting responsibilities. Moreover, the President’s strategy entailed the recruitment of new and quality students to improve the College’s fiscal and academic quality. He also appointed three senior administrators from his senior staff to the budget committee to inform him
Wednesday, October 16, 2019
Music of world culture Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Music of world culture - Term Paper Example Moreover, they were sung by neighbors and the communities, when there were major events (Dzuris 331). In explaining folk music, I have not found an accepted definition, but this does not mean that it does not have a definition, but it ranges with the understanding of the subject. Folk music can be described as the music for and of the people, a nation, a community, or a subculture that carries messages with specific meaning regarding the people’s life and experiences (Dunaway and Beer 7-10). Music in the Western World In reference to the North America, folk music has been there before the arrival of the immigrant from Europe and later from Africa. The European immigrant brought with them ballads and other acoustic instruments. Folk music has been practiced for centuries, was, and is still referred to as the music of the masses. In the 17th century, most of the people in Europe were peasants, and folk songs transferred stories of event through oral narration. By this time, fo lk music was rarely performed musically. There composition was of simple form and represented the identity of the poorer in the communities (Dunaway and Beer 7- 17). In the period when Christianity movement started in Europe, folk music was at the centre stage of the expansion of the religion. It was highly associated with heathenism due its singing styles. Thereafter, folk music became more popular in society in sensitizing the masses in the start of the romantic period. People like Haydn, Beethoven, and Tchaikovsky identified themselves with folk music. During this time, there were no cities and people lived in villages and urban communities. And with these settings, folk songs were recognized as a treasure and people identified themselves with the different styles of folk music. Each political beliefs, ethnicity, race, and religion had identified itself with specific style of folk song. Therefore, folk music played an important role in passing on the culture and the history of a particular community or country from one generation another. By the end of 19th century, folk songs had become unpopular in Western Europe and later in Eastern Europe and North America, during this time only the older individuals knew and sung folk songs. Still in the century, cities were established and people were moving from the rural areas to urban cities and this resulted to diminishing of the folk traditional music. Nevertheless, urban folklorists stimulated by a person known as Thomas Percy a British, Johann Gottfried, a German and an American by the name Francis James collected and later published volumes where they emphases on the different age of the folk songs and their meaning in the society. However, there work did not save the diminishing trend of folk songs and the music had little attention by this time. In 1899, Cecil Sharp an English scholar toured various communities in Britain collecting folk songs. He later established a society to preserve the songs, dances and other traditions of communities at that time (Dunaway and Beer 17-23). In the late 19th century, the documentation of folk songs started and more of the songs were recorded on a wax cylinder, and folk songs and other traditions were consolidated and shared far and wide as opposed to being confined within the borders of a community. Later in the same period, some new tradition begun to emerge in the urban districts where the
Tuesday, October 15, 2019
Markets Organize Economic Activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Markets Organize Economic Activity - Essay Example Firstly, a price ceiling happens when prices of commodities and other services are held below the equilibrium, in connection, these prices are not allowed to rise for the benefit of the buyers and consumers. When sellers can possibly add few cents to the current price of bread while maintaining its saleability, the government would prohibit them to do so. Anyway, there are few tactics sellers have used to make money while price has been frozen to a certain level. Some of these tactics are baking low quality breads by not following the exact measurements of several ingredients. But, consumers cannot easily spot these changes. What they have in mind is the â€Å"amount†they will exchange for that commodity. The sellers cost-cutting method can be hidden by the low-priced bread. Nevertheless, even there would cost-cutting measures, the direct result of price ceiling is shortages. When everyone can afford to buy bread, there would occur a shortage of bread supply in the market. Th ere are also instances that richer consumers would buy in excess of their regular consumptions. Secondly, lets talk about the obvious connection of the shortage of bread production to long lines. When prices of commodities are set in a price level below the equilibrium, there are more consumers who are so eager to buy bread. Even its obvious that they have to spend time to wait there turns, they are always willing to fall in line. There are various factors why many people are willing to get starve in the corner standing in the queue, even they have the option to eat in the nearby fast foods where they can be served in less than 10 minutes – they want to save every cents they can because of the inflation. While almost all the prices of products and basic commodities went higher each year, most workers salaries remain the same. There are few announcement of wage increase, however, it cannot cover up the cost of the most upward movements of prices of the major daily needs. Its
History and myth Essay Example for Free
History and myth Essay The Worlds Wife revises fairytale, history and myth and reworks it into contemporary, feminist fables. With reference to three of the poems in the volume examine the techniques employed by Duffy in writing contemporary feminist fables. Duffys volume The Worlds Wife is a collection of dramatic monologues where Duffy becomes a ventriloquist inventing the words, which famous, silent, wives from history or myth might have said. Her use of humour and play on clichi s creates a collective female voice where dominant male characters are being criticised. Duffy reworks contemporary feminist fables and adopts different personae by employing different techniques, which are particularly displayed in her poems, Mrs Midas, Mrs Lazarus and Mrs Aesop. Duffys use of witty humour in the poem Mrs Aesop allows her to condescend the male counterpart, by turning his famous fables against him and questioning his manhood. On the contrary, Mrs Lazarus portrays a more emotional persona grieving over her husbands death, where her other half fails to consider the impact of his return. Similarly, in Mrs Midas, the male character is overcome by greed, blinding his ability to comprehend the repercussions of his actions. The metaphorical autobiographies allow Duffy to adopt a variety of dramatic personae and assume a multiplicity of voices, which portray issues and views sensitive to her own. She explores the notion of the self in relation to the other, particularly in the poem, Mrs Midas. The poet is able to present a wide range of emotions through the practical persona that feels a sense of exasperation due to her husbands selfishness. The sensual qualities of the persona are highlighted through the use of soft sounds, breath brow, and my fingers wiped the others glass. She is then depicted as multitalented, especially in comparison to her husband who was standing under the pear-tree snapping a twig. His pointless and ridiculous activity belittles his usefulness and thus increasing his wifes, as it does not require much talent to carry out such an activity. The persona undertakes an anecdotal approach, principally when the tragedy is building up, belying the serious concern, I said and What in the name of God is going on? show the use of colloquial language, which help the personas voice emerge. The phrasing used throughout the poet emphasizes her practicality and ability to make sense out of any situation, I served up the meal and So he had to move out, illustrate that she is not theatrical, but is calm and logical, which is a comparison to her partners childish and immature behaviour, he toyed with his spoon. The persona is able to rise above him, assert her authority and her use of bitter sarcasm introduces comedy to the poem. Duffys use of the clichi , which is commonly present in her poems, is used to show how worthless he has become and how ashamed and fearful she is for him, as he is a fool who could not think beyond his short-term greed. Similarly, Mrs Lazarus, also has to face the consequences of her husbands return after she finally manages to deal with her grief over his death and move on. The dramatic persona created in this poem is extremely loyal to her husband and devastated at the fact that she has lost her other half. Howled, shrieked, clawed and one empty glove reinforce the imagery of suffering and grief-stricken state. She is a persona very expressive of her emotions and goes through the entire pain of her loss, even to the extent where there are images of suicide because of what she is feeling, double knot round my bare neck. The alliteration of soft, slept.. single.. stuffed and harsh sounds, gone gutted glove, bring emphasis to the range of her emotional suffering. As her memory of him and grief is receding, she develops a more practical, factual tone in her diction, Then he was gone, showing that she has finally moved on. When her husband returns, her phrasing and diction changes and it begins to sound more harsh and bitter, rotting graves slack chew, as a reflection of the fact that he is insensitive to her emotions, despite everything she has been through.
Monday, October 14, 2019
Analysis Of A Raisin In The Sun English Literature Essay
Analysis Of A Raisin In The Sun English Literature Essay Creativity of Hansberry played a crucial role in the development of Negro drama since the Second World War. According to one of the researchers, the writer may be called the mother of the modern drama of black, no less than Eugene ONeill is the father of the national drama. In this sense, Raisin in the Sun is a drama for the same thing as Native Son by R. Wright for a black novel (a Huck Finn by Mark Twain for any American novel, which appeared after it). The driving spring of action is the desire to escape Younger family from the ghetto, which causes a fierce resistance to their future white neighbors. Events do not unfold in the South, the citadel of racism and to the north, with which tradition connects the idea of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹tolerance in racial issue. The play has attracted not only acute but also the deep character development. Of greatest interest are the image of Walter Lee, torn between traditional values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹of the black community the ideals of love, unity, human dignity and values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹of American society, obsessed with the idea of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹material success, as well as the image of his mother, embodying the best traits of African-American people. A Raisin in the Sun is a play on Broadway telling the story of an African-American tragedy. The play is about family of the Youngers. End of the 50s: The Younger family lives in the ghetto and is at a crossroads after his father died. Mother Lena Younger and her grown up children Walter Lee and Beneatha share a cramped apartment in a poor district of Chicago, in which she and Walter Lees wife Ruth and son Travis just fit together inside. Lenas husband, the familys father died and his life insurance brings the family $10,000. Everyone, especially the children, are waiting for the payment of life insurance in the amount. Now the question is whether the money should be invested in a medical school for the daughter, in a deal for the son or other dreams. There are conflicts especially between the siblings in which it is a matter of who has more right to his dreams, who deserves his dream sooner. Mama Lena is facing difficult decisions. Making the right decision is hard for mother Lena because she wants to make it right for everyone and no one wants to be hurt by a wrong decision. Incidentally, the play tells the story of a family which members diligently pursue work to which in a black-time enemy is neither fulfilling nor bring in a lot of money. As the story of the daughter of Lena, who is still looking after herself, and is, therefore, more volatile while the son of Walter Lee, who soon abandons himself because he wants more from his life because he wants to be respected because he wants to be the white man. Lenas son Walter Lee Jr. is working as a chauffeur, but wants more out of his life, although he has a respected profession. Walter believes wealth to be the answer to his feelings of desperation and hopelessness as a slum resident and employee in a dead-end job (Addell). His wife Ruth is working from day to night, until she breaks down because she is pregnant again. She thinks of abortion, which is banned in the 50s. Finally, there is Lenas daughter, Beneatha (desperately wants to be a doctor and her family is very far ahead. Younger than the family believes she would have made the exit from the ghetto, but it must start again from scratch. The story about the Youngers, you can basically understand only if one has lived at the time, but was told the plot very accessible, so that the audience got a feel for this time. The characters could not be more different, but what was very much frightening at first, because one noticed in the faith, was at this time you hold it together more. In principle, the Younger family was doing well, but on the other side as they moved away from each other, when it came to money, the life insurance of the deceased father. Lorraine Hansberrys play confronts crucial issues that have faced African Americans: the fragmentation of the family, the black males quest for manhood, and the problems of integration (Tackach). This play is totally family one. It tells about dreams and the way how people can struggle with difficult situations that occur on their way. Actually, even the name of the play can be referred to lines in Langston Hughs (well-known African-American writer) poems, where he makes parallels of a raisin in the sun and dying dreams. A Raisin in the Sun is a rife with conflicts: generational conflicts, gender conflicts, ideological conflicts, and perhaps most important, conflicts of dreams, which are at the center of the play (Washington). As I have said before, each family member has his or her own dream and throughout the play we can see how each member struggles to get this much desired aim. But the story, which shows how different family members are and how selfish their actions, end with a uniting dream. The dream of house is the dream that unites each member of the family. It is the most important dream. It is not for the good of a separate member, but for the good of unity. The family of Youngers faces social and economic troubles during the play but at the end they are united. The only character who believes in unity of family and its strength is mother Lena. She tries to show how important family is and which high and positive results can a family achieve functioning together and for the good of each member. When she said that the son has to be the head of the family after fathers death, Walter surprisingly asks: You trust me like that, Mama? (Hansberry 50). Unfortunately, the two children Walter and Beneatha will realize this only at the end of the play. Actually, this thought comes to them through rather sad circumstances. Only when the insurance money is stolen from Walter and when he is rejected as a brother by Beneatha, the two characters realize that they were wrong. Happiness comes to them only when they start working for the good of the family, for its uniting, when they turn their individual dreams into common. Home of the Youngers is the only dwelling place of the play and, actually, almost all the scenes take part there which symbolizes unity of the family. It seems that this apartment is a living creature too. Its lightning changes as mood of family members changes too. It is dark and small, as if symbolizing the family at that period. Actually, the house is a crucial place for each member of the family (this point of view is also supported by Mama). And the last scene when Lena happily leaves this dull place is also very symbolizing. This means that dark times for the family are over and it enters the new life, bright and happy one. Another important theme that is raised in the play is the theme of racial discrimination. Yet racial segregation is not the major theme of the play (Brantingham). Mr. Lindner, an outer character, makes this topic extremely bright and noticeable. This is clearly seen when the Youngers decided to move, but they could not because Mr. Lindner wanted a bribe from them. This desire was dictated only by the skin color of the family. But the family does not obey or respond this discrimination. They struggle it with dignity. Actually, the play shows that discrimination is a terrible thing that can ever happen in society. And with the help of African-American family fighting all the instances of discrimination with confidence and dignity, the plays shows how people should react o such cases. The story itself is very symbolic. There are a lot of things that are not very noticeable, but after considering them, they turn out to be of great importance. One of such things is Mamas plant. It is weak, but it fights for life. It represents her desire for a new house which will make life of the family better and unite all its members. Mama takes great care of her plant. In fact, the first thing she does after waking and getting up is taking care of her favorite plant. This appears to symbolizes the care which she treats her family and family lawn. Mama once says that this plant does not receive enough sunshine, but still it struggles for life. Suppose that this is a bright parallel to family of the Youngers, where each member cares only about themselves and the family, this fragile plant, does not receive enough sunshine or family love. At the end of the play, Mama takes this old plant from their old apartment to the new house. It symbolizes that this plant is a symbol, uniting the family, or a family itself. Her dream finally came true and plants dream will also come true. Hansberrys play is realistic in setting, characterization, and dialogue. In addition to confronting universal African American issues, it reflects the circumstances of African Americans in the 1950s, at the beginning of the Civil Rights movement. The doors of opportunity, if not wide open, had at least been unlocked for black Americans (Tackach). Especially convincing A Raisin in the Sun but because ghettos and racism are still present today. This not only African Americans dream for a better life, but whoever feels bad and even those who lack nothing. Dreams should never abandon you, but the play clearly shows how difficult it is. The Story of Hansberry can in principle identify anyone some more, some less, but not only African Americans. For many, this play left a timeless message: Never give up your dreams. It is a beautiful play, because it establishes, the correct values, and those values that will hopefully never go out of fashion. The focus is not only the discrimination of blacks in the 50s and later decades, it is also about dreams, money and family ties.
Sunday, October 13, 2019
The Minimum Wage Should Not Be Increased :: Argumentative Essay, Minimum Wage Essays
â€Å"An increase in the minimum wage will boost income for the poorest workers without the danger of creating more unemployment.†, stated President Obama in September 2014. Is this statement about an increase in minimum wage really true? There are two sides to the debate about minimum wage. The minimum wage is a major issue in the world of economics and politics. Political figures often prey on the public’s general ignorance of economics and promise to increase the minimum wage. Economists, on the other hand, view the long term effects and see the damage it can cause. David Card and Alan Kruegur, two economists at Princeton University conducted a study on New Jersey’s 18% minimum wage increase. They looked the impact on the New Jersey economy and compared the results to the state of Pennsylvania which did not make any change in the minimum wage during the period of the study.. David Card and Alan Kruegur measured the change in employment in New Jersey’s fast–food restaurants between February and December that year. Card and Kruegur found that the number of jobs grew in restaurants where pay had to rise, compared with those already paying more than minimum was and compared with restaurants in neighboring Pennsylvania, where the minimum did not change. The study also found no difference between high- and low- wage states. Most people would be delighted to here the above. They would receive more money and their standard of living would increase. But most people do not take into account the negative side effects of increasing the minimum wage. The survey taken by Card and Kruegur was done over the telephone. Fellow economists charge that the questions were vague and errors crept into the numbers. Another study was done using the businesses payrolls found that New Jersey fared far worse than Pennsylvania. Positive effects of the minimum wage can be the obvious; more money for people. They would have more money to spend , the economy would boom and everyone would be happy. Not so; in fact, this would only encourage inflation and increase prices. Money become lesser in value and producers would have no choice but to raise prices in order to make profit. Another negative aspect of raising the minimum wage is unemployment rising. Supply of workers would exceed the demand for workers.
Saturday, October 12, 2019
Free Essays - Gene and Finny of A Separate Peace :: Separate Peace Essays
A Separate Peace Gene and Finny   In A Separate Peace, the main characters are foils of one another. The plot is pushed along by the changing dynamics of their friendship. Their relationship begins to drift apart when their personalities clash. The changing dynamics of Gene and Finny's relationship and the revelations in Gene's personality are what move the plot along.  At first, Gene fights against his memories. The story is opened with Gene returning to his old school, Devon. A struggle, or some sort of conflict, is clear by the way he practically forces himself to return to the staircase and the tree. He comments on how things have changed, which reflects how he himself has changed. The staircase is hard now, he notices, showing that he feels detached from the object. Meanwhile, the tree is now shrunken and identical to the other trees, which could mean that Gene has moved on from whatever significance the tree once held. The rain that starts falling later is a universal symbol of sadness, foreshadowing a tragic event later on in the story that involves him and the school. After seeing the tree and staircase and noting that they no longer seem as intimidating, a weight seems to be lifted off of Gene's conscious and he returns to shelter.  At first, Gene seems to be awed by Finny. Although his friend is more athletic than him, Gene is proud of the other boy's accomplishments. In fact, he is proud to be so close to a well-loved student. He considers himself lucky to be considered Finny's best friend. It becomes evident that jealously engrains itself into the friendship, however. Gene soon views not himself to be the lucky one, but Finny. He views all of Finny's good fortune to be his own bad luck. Whenever Finny gets out of trouble by being blatantly obvious, he thinks of it as himself being inadequate and not as good as his friend. This is shown at the luncheon both boys are invited to when Finny explains his inappropriate belt.  Although Gene and Finny are very different, they are also united in several ways. Both boys like to be in charge and are comfortable in leadership positions.
Friday, October 11, 2019
Puritan Society During the 1600’s Essay
Throughout history, many people have wanted to create a model society. During the 1600’s, Puritans in New England tried to establish a perfect society. The settlers sought to create a colony that was free, contained a strong sense of religion, and was perfect and admired. The Puritans tried to create a liberated society. They first wanted to be free from England. They wanted to prevent what had gone wrong in England from happening in their colonies. In England, many people faced persecution because of their beliefs. Many people came to America seeking religious freedom. During the reign of Charles I in England, the only way people could get religious freedom was to sail to America, mostly to the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Here, the settlers placed a very strong emphasis on religious freedom. The Puritans ended up constructing the Massachusetts Bay Colony based on their religious freedoms and beliefs. The colonists managed to accomplish many of these goals. But a few of these goals did not go as they had originally wished. The freedoms in America eventually became the same as it was in England, because the government taxed all the people, church members or not, and they enforced a law forcing people to attend church services. The Puritans fulfilled the freedoms that they wanted, but these liberties did not last long. The settlers also wanted their colonies to have a very strong sense of religion. The New England Puritans were very intense in religious matters. They wanted to be a very holy society. To ensure this, the church and the government worked together; the religion was very closely connected with the Puritan political structure. Their mixture of religion and politics was based on self-government, limited government, individualism, and the community’s right to control, meaning that the community could control all its members in a common interest. They were very serious about religion because they were founded upon religious beliefs. They felt very strong about purifying the Anglican Church. Their churches because Congregational Churches; therefore, they emphasized local control and independence. The colonies, especially the Massachusetts Bay Colony, aspired to maintain this â€Å"holiness†, and they accomplished it, but it got out of hand. Their mixture of politics and religion soon turned into a theocracy, where it was hard to see where church and state separated. As their religious freedom lessened, the colonies became more and more like England over time. The colonists wanted their colonies to be admired. In order for this to happen, the colonies needed to be â€Å"perfect†. They set boundaries about who they would let settle there: they only let religiously acceptable people in. The colonists thought that they needed a strict orthodoxy to survive. They were trying to create a holy empire, or a â€Å"city on a hill†, that would be looked up to by the rest of the world. They wanted to become a â€Å"beacon to others†(Brinkley, 1999). The governor of Massachusetts Bay, John Winthrop, described an ideal society in â€Å"Model of Christian Charity†. The settlers wanted to create a â€Å"New Jerusalem†, or John Winthrop’s â€Å"city on a hill†, to be admired by everyone, and they were willing to do almost anything to achieve it. The New England Puritans were also very hard workers, and they had a very strong work ethic. They were serious and hardworking people who led very useful lives. They were against anything that wasted time or resources, such as playing cards or gambling. They believed that if they worked hard then they would be successful; therefore they thought material success and prosperity were favors from God. Although the Puritans created a strong and energetic society that would influence American culture far after their time, they still could not live up to the ideal conditions that John Winthrop discussed. They also could not keep up their passion for religion, so in the end, their colonies were far from perfect. The settlers tried very hard to create these perfect and holy societies. They gained freedom from England, including the freedom to worship as they wanted. They then founded colonies based upon religion with a very strict and holy society. They wanted these colonies to be admired by being what they thought to be â€Å"perfect†. No matter how hard they endeavored, these colonies only became more and more like England. They New England Puritans tried very hard, but they never achieved their model society. Works Cited Brinkley, Alan. (1999). American History: A Survey, Tenth Edition. Boston: McGraw-Hill College. Sage, Henry J. (2003). Colonial American History: Puritan New England. www.nv.cc.va.us/nvsageh/Hist121/Part1/NewEngland.htm.
Thursday, October 10, 2019
Boston Bombing: Summary Essay
On Monday April 15 2013, which was Patriot Day, an atrocity happened in Boston, United States. As everyone already knew, it was the Boston Marathon Bombing. The annual Boston Marathon bombing started just like other years, without any clue of the calamity. The marathon began as usual and horde of crowds gather along the sidewalk, cheering for their families and friends. The contestants endured the tiredness and headed towards the finish line. A spontaneous chant of â€Å"Go, Go!†bursted out as the runners moved closer and closer towards the ending. But just then, a bomb was released on Boylston Street, near the finish line. Many people screamed, and the air was filled with dirt and gases. 13 minutes later, another bomb went off also on Boylston Street, but few blocks further. Debris from the building along the side walk was blown over into pieces, flying over in the air. Some runners collapsed on the ground, failing to stand up. They tried to combat the bomb but unfortunately, they couldn’t. The air was so polluted and you hardly could see anything. 3 people died, and 264 were injured. A exciting and interesting event turned into one that was a totally disaster and grievous. But fortunately, rescue workers came as soon as possible. According to FBI, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the weapons that took part in the bombing were pressure cooker bombs that was especially made for this marathon. These types of bomb was intended to damage the runner’s limb, making them unable to run. Most of the victims suffered severe leg injuries and wounds. This event was globally significant because it had caused a lot of reactions from people all over the world. In the united states, a moment of silence were observed on the day after the bombing to show respects towards the victims. President Obama ordered the flags lowered to half- staff, also to show a kind of respect. In China, people posted message on social websites to give comment about the death of a Chinese contestant, who was attending collage in Boston. People were aware of her death since many Chinese wanted to send their children overseas for collage. People all around the world will learn from this event and be more cautious.
Wednesday, October 9, 2019
Political Communication in the Electronic Age Essay
Political Communication in the Electronic Age - Essay Example Few people write letters or read the newspapers anymore as these are seemingly archaic methods of communication and have the added disadvantage of costing money, regardless of how little this sum might actually be. â€Å"Nowadays, we think nothing of emailing our aunts in Germany and getting an answer back within minutes, or seeing the latest streaming video full of up to the minute news†(Boswell, 2006). Neither letter-writing nor newspaper delivery can provide the instant information that is today essential for businesses in the modern world to compete effectively and simply a fact of life that is taken for granted for most in the developed world. This fact alone has changed the way in which the politicians of the world must reach out to their constituency if they expect to gain support. People, the public at large as well as politicians, are now turning to alternative forms of receiving information, such as blogs, video blogs, webcasts, chatrooms and listser vs. However, this introduces new challenges in determining just how to determine credible sources from noncredible and just how far the internet should be allowed to go in terms of free speech and expression. Decency, censorship, free speech, ethicsOne of the controversial aspects of the internet and instant posting is that the internet provides a means of gathering news that has not necessarily been filtered through the many regulations and restrictions imposed by national or state boundaries. This is primarily due to the fact that the internet itself is not regulated.
Tuesday, October 8, 2019
Research paper Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Research paper - Annotated Bibliography Example The fear and prejudice against Muslim has led to an attack on all Muslims, including burning the mosques. The Muslims perceive this as hatred towards a different color or a different religion. Towards the close of the Ramadan, a mosque was brought down to rumbles in Missouri (Amer & Basu, 2012). Thus, there is an Islamophobia, which does not necessarily differentiate between terrorists and Muslims, or the Muslim religion.In New York, a student attacked and stabbed a cab driver who was a Muslim, raising the question of whether this act was triggered by the perpetrators hate for Muslims or it was just a criminal act targeting at any cab driver (Crudele & Esposito, 2012). The New York mayor termed the incidence disgraceful, amidst the uncertainty of what exactly had triggered this action. If such an action was triggered by such hatred, then it is apparent that the prejudice against the Muslims is turning to fatal level. The anniversary on the September 2011 attacks in America has always created dark memories, igniting a feeling of resentfulness between the Americans and the Muslims. This could be the possible trigger of the recent attacks on the Muslim faith, marked by arsonists and anti-Sharia movements (Lean, 2012). There has been a sustained attitude of hate towards the Muslims, which is a wrong response to the losses suffered during the 2001 attack. The ban of the Muslim headscarf for schools in southern Russia has angered the Muslim, raising the concern that such a move has forced the Muslim girls to choose between state education and their religion, which is totally inappropriate (Mooneye, 2012).. Thus, the tension between the Muslims and the rest has continued to rise, owing to the perception that Muslims are associated to terrorism in one way or the other. Recently, a man in Connecticut threatened to assault a Muslim woman because of her religion heritage. This promoted The Council on Ameri can-Islamic Relations (CAIR) to call on the FBI to
Monday, October 7, 2019
The Chrysanthemums Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
The Chrysanthemums - Assignment Example This is evident on her passion to pursue a life of adventure, on the road, like the tinker who came up her house one day. Her sexual needs are also mentioned in the story, having shared a flirtatious banter with the tinker and even kneeling in front of him like â€Å"a fawning dog†. It should be noted that Elisa doesn’t have kids and she was already 35, which signals that she and her husband Hank do not really have a productive, if at all, sexual relationship. The story ended with Elisa crying because she knew that she would be forever kept in that â€Å"closed pot†of a valley. The conflict of the story is character vs. society. This is set in 1938 and the women are not as privileged as men. Even though we see that Elisa is smarter and better than the two men, she is still confined to the house, tending flowers instead of doing something more productive. She finds this frustrating, and this is not her fault, it’s the society’s. Her happiness and se lf-fulfillment is being regulated by the society and it’s suffocating her. The theme is also gender inequality. We see this story as a good reflection of society in that day, and Elisa symbolizes the women as much as the two male characters symbolize the men. However great a woman can be, she is still relegated to doing house work, just because of her sex.
Sunday, October 6, 2019
Survey about CWsandbox tool which used for dynamic malware analysis Research Paper
Survey about CWsandbox tool which used for dynamic malware analysis - Research Paper Example General Sandbox Architecture: A sandbox is deployed to secure a computer system from external attacks that are attempted through malware (malicious program). According to Hoopes (2009), the approaches used are either to block the critical accessibility of a malware or to introduce a simulated environment with completely virtual computing resources like CPU, file system and the memory. This virtual environment enables the program to get executed in a completely isolated environment which is disconnected from the real execution environment within which it resides. The main idea is to monitor the accessibility of program (under observation) to system resources. This way the system can be brought back into the safe state after complete behavioral analysis of the suspected program. The fringe benefit of this approach is the usage of a lighter security protocol for the underlying system that improves its working efficiency. The behavioral analysis keeps the execution environment intact. Th is gives it an edge over instruction level analysis (basically done using debuggers or dis-assemblers). CWSandbox architecture and functioning: CW sandbox is one the sandbox applications that are in use. Every sandbox application has its own mechanism to secure the computer system environment. CWSandbox comprise of two executable files namely cwsandbox.exe and cwmonitor.dll. The former is the central application that initiates the malware and manages the complete process of analysis. The latter on the other hand is a DLL (Dynamic Link Library). This library is introduced into all processes in the malware that are under observation. This way the malware is actually executed and being interacted by the sandbox along with its own execution. The function of the DLL file is to catch each API critical call from malware and to inform the central application (cwsandbox.exe) about it. The sandbox (main application) then takes some time to analyze the call in order to either delegate the cont rol to the required API (in case of safe conclusion) or to answer the call with a virtual error message (in opposite case). Along with the keeping an eye on every malware call, the DLL also makes it certain that the sandbox is kept informed about other malware activities like injecting a code into an already executing process or creating a child process. In both cases the DLL is instantiated again to be injected into the child process or the already running process. Figure 1.0 below, elaborates the described functioning. The CWSandbox uses the native execution environment unlike other sandbox schemes. This in turn reduces the delay caused by the analysis mechanism. Enormous communication exists between the main application (executable) and planted instances of DLLs. Each notification call from a DLL to sandbox contains a lot of information that requires a formal and reliable mechanism of communication between processes. In order to fulfill this requirement the sandbox is usually equ ipped with high efficiency IPC (Inter Process Communication) mechanism. Figure 1.0. Sandbox Instance using CWSandbox (Source: Hoopes J. 2009. Virtualization for Security) CWSandbox Malware Handling and Analysis Mechanism: The mechanisms that are performed by a sandbox can be distinguished into three parts. These parts may
Saturday, October 5, 2019
Complimentary and alternative medicine in nursing Essay
Complimentary and alternative medicine in nursing - Essay Example Most conventional teaching curriculums in nursing schools do not cover alternative and complementary. This creates a discord in the practice since nurses lack adequate information on the use of the various complementary and alternative medicine. The report, therefore, argues for the need for incorporation of the medicine in the curriculum to improve the productivity of nurses. Nurses are important people in the dispensation of health care services. Nurses handle patients and often give advice to patients either in the course of their treatment or during discharge. Patients rely on their nurses for a number of factors key among which is the decision of the type of medicine to use in the treatment of particular diseases. However, nurses learn how to use conventional medicine a feature that makes complementary and alternative medicine a contentious issue in the practice. The discord that arises in the existence of the two types of medicine thus makes it important for colleges and universities among other institutions that train nurses to expand their curriculum in order to equip nurses with holistic information that enhances their suitability in the practice. Complementary medicine just as the name suggests is a type of drug that works concurrently with the conventional drugs. While chemotherapy is the conventional mode of treating cancer, a patient may decide to use marijuana or may decide to go through acupuncture that alleviate anxiety and vomiting and nausea all of which are side effects of the process. Alternative medicines, on the other hand, are a non-conventional medicine that functions as the conventional medicine. The lack of such medicines in the curricula of nursing school is a fundamental policy issue in the modern society. As shown in the above example, some patients often consider marijuana as a complementary medicine. The fact that marijuana is illegal according to the federal government
Friday, October 4, 2019
The Diary of A Young Girl by Anne Frank (1947) Essay Example for Free
The Diary of A Young Girl by Anne Frank (1947) Essay Keeping diaries and journals have always been considered as peoples typical form of documenting the significant events and experiences that go through their lives. Over the years, a lot of people have already been renowned due to the significant contributions of their diaries to different fields such as history, science and anthropology. Journals, unlike periodicals, books and other published materials may reveal information that are only limited about their personal lives, but these nevertheless reflect significant information about the generation they belong, the government that ruled during their time, the current state of the society during their time, as well as how the people were during that particular generation. Considering this, it can be assumed that journals also hold a particular relevance in exploring history. It may not reveal extensive details as what history books and publications may offer, but these nonetheless reveal a different kind of revelation about a certain generation with a specific relevance to history. In this light, this discussion shall explore on the personal journal of a one person who was became known in history due to her revealing and eye-opening revelation about her time during the Nazi’s invasion during the World War. The succeeding discussions shall scrutinize and analyse the personal journal of Anne Frank, which has become very popular in 1947 due to the very revealing information it disclosed about the Nazi generation during the World War. Journal Evaluation and Analysis Anne Frank’s Journal was written during 1947. Her journal was basically like a compilation of diary entries written on colored sheets of paper. Anne Frank’s diary was entitled The Diary of a Young Girl. From this title, a lot of ideals can already be presumed about the life of a young girl who went through the life amidst the war. This alone makes the journal very interesting as the imagination, thoughts and perspectives of a young girl could be the freshest as well as the most adventurous thoughts. A person can never measure and limit a young girl’s imagination and thinking. It’s vulnerability as well as its innocence make it so transparent and honest, that it tends to express in perfect accuracy everything that goes on around it. One of the most interesting features in Anne Frank’s diary’s title is that it is bare and simple. It simply displaces itself as a mere diary of a young girl, and not like any kind of comprehensive and technical account on historical events by a history enthusiast. Basically, the diary was Anne’s way of retelling her generation. Every word that was written on each colored sheet presented a reality about the Nazy invasion in Amsterdam during the World War. This diary was done when Anne was hiding in a safe house with her family and friends in 1942. As what can be expected from a town amidst the war, Annes environment has been very dim and uncertain. All the violence, the pain and misery of her time was put into the pages of Annes journal, and this was made available to the public and to the later generations after several years. Jan Romein, a historical literature critique and a historical journals enthusiast was able to take a look at the original sheets of Annes diary and this is what he had to say about it: â€Å"this apparently inconsequential diary by a child, this de profundis stamered out in a childs voice, embodies all the hideousness of fascism, more so than all the evidence at Nuremberg put together†(Jan Romein, qtd. in Cole 25) This was basically how the critics tyoically saw Anne Franks diary. Apparently it appeared as an honest revelation of pain and grief from a young girl who has been trapped in a fascist war. In looking back at the historical context of the story, it can be recalled that this diary was completed within a small, hidden annex from where Anne found her own safetly from all the turbulence of the war. However, before this point of her life at war, it is important to note that some of the most significant factors in her urge to write a diary are the deaths of some of her closest friends and relatives who were left unsafe in the roads of Amsterdam that also served as battlefields. It was very stirring to feel from her words the pain of losing loved ones and seeing them be taken away by the dark smoke of revolution and the injustice of relentless violence. The book has not been available to the public right after the war or even right after Annes death. It was first kept by her father, Otto Frank who was placed into a moment of tears when he read about all the things her daughter had to say about their unforgettable experiences during the war. It was also through Otto Franks review of his daughters diary that Annes objective in writing it was realized. Basically, Anne was a passionate writer. She was always into scribbling on her note pads and writing poems and short stories. When the war came and they had to be hidden in a secret annex, all the sources of Annes fun as a teen ager was taken away as well. And instead, it was suddenly replaced by huge blows of fear, uncertainty and misery. As a child who carries a soft and vulnerable heart, Anne prefered to be strong for her family and for herself. And since she was never really able to speak out about her fears and uncertainties, Anne was pushed by her ownself into writing journal enties so as to reveal her hearts thoughts and revelations. Basically, the authors objectives were very clear as the presentation of it has been very honest and innocent knowing it all came from a young girls perspective. But aside from this interesting fact, it is significant to note also that Anne Frank was able to develop herself as a good poet and a very creative short story writer because of this venture. Research and Comparison Anne Franks diary was never a kind of its own. As what has been mentioned earlier, there have been a lot of individuals who have already been renowned all over the world due to the significant contributions their personal journals gave for the study of history and anthropology. Just like Anne Frank, Samuel Pepys is another individual who has became known due to the contributions his personal journal to the study of history, especially during the holocaust era. Juts like Annes diary, Samuels revelation about his generation during the war has been very revealing and enlightening. Samuels diary were filled with the typical day-to-day diary entries of a married man, who us being trapped in a political chaos during the halocaust era. This made his entried rather politically inclined instead of being mere presentations of what went on throughout his day. Samuel Pepys work has been known in Great Britain due to the revelations it was able to displace about the political state of the the country during his generation. And Just like Annes diary, Samuels journal was also seen as a â€Å"recorder of political events†during his generation (Gyford). Furthermore, his work, just like Annes journal has helped researchers and the students of history in their scruitiny and quest for understanding about the life during the holocaust era. The different reviews on Anne Franks diary basically directed on a single realization, that iss, Annes revelations really helped a lot in understanding history since it came from a more real experience. However, over the years, a lot of uncertainties about the authenticity of Annes diary floated. The New York Times explains why this uncertainty can be considered quite predictable: â€Å"One of the main reasons why we used scientific evidence to unravel all the facts about the diary was to expose the falsehood of neo-Nazi and rightist groups in Europe and the United States†(Barnouw, qtd. in Mitgang) And although a lot of people during the past decades have fallen in doubt on the genuinity of Annes diary, these uncertainties were nevertheless proven false as Annes diary was finally proven authentic on 1989 (Mitgang). Final Reflections Typically, a person will easily feel as if he or she is violating someones privacy upon reading someone elses diary. Being able to read Anne Franks diary did not feel anything like that. It was like Anne Frank was destined to write her diary entries for the future generations. Her diary provided the modern students of history a more realistic reference material about what the times during the world war and the holocaust era was like based from the juvenile and innocent perspective of a young girl. Considering that Anne was still young when her diary was created, most of his journal entries were really captivating and emotionally stirring as the reality of pain, fear and misery during the war came straight from the vulnerable and seemingly helpless thoughts of a young girl who has been trapped in the chaos she never wanted to be in. This can also be considered as one of the most significant factors that made this journal very interesting. A young girls revelation about life and about the state of the world can be the most interesting in the sense that the innocence and honesty is still preserved. Furthermore, Annes experiences and revelations also bring people to a realization that indeed, some of the most important things at war are faith, hope and personal strength. Indeed, aside from historical facts about the state of Amsterdam during the war, Anne Franks diary became a source of inspiration and values about how to preserve faith and hope despite the turbulence and atrocity of war. Wotks Cited Cole, Tim. Selling the Holocaust: From Auschwitz to Schindler. Routledge, 2000 Frank, Anne. Het Achterhuis (The Diary of Anne Frank). Contact Publishing,1952 Gyford, Phil. â€Å"Legends of British History: Samuel Pepys†. Website. PepysDiary. com. 12 May 2010. http://www. pepysdiary. com/indepth/archive/2008/12/12/legends_of_british. php. Mitgang, Herbert. â€Å"An Authenticated Edition of Anne Franks Diary†. The New York Times. Website. 08 June 1989. 12 May 2010. http://www. nytimes. com/1989/06/08/books/an-authenticated-edition-of-anne-frank-s-diary. html.
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